India-US Strategic Tech Ties: Reviewing the Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET)

India and the United States are scheduled to conduct a comprehensive review of the Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET) next month. Led by the National Security Advisers (NSAs) of both nations, this review marks a significant milestone in the bilateral relationship, shifting the focus from traditional trade to deep-tech cooperation and strategic integration.

Launched in January 2023, iCET serves as a framework to expand the strategic technology partnership and defense industrial cooperation between the governments, businesses, and academic institutions of both countries. The upcoming review will focus on several key pillars: Artificial Intelligence (AI), space exploration, semiconductor supply chains, telecommunications, and quantum computing. A primary objective is to remove 'regulatory barriers' and export controls that have historically hindered the transfer of sensitive technologies to India.

In the defense sector, the initiative has already facilitated significant milestones, such as the GE F414 jet engine co-production deal and the launch of the India-U.S. Defense Acceleration Ecosystem (INDUS-X). These efforts signify a transition from a buyer-seller dynamic to one of co-development and co-production. Furthermore, in the realm of space, the collaboration between ISRO and NASA is moving toward a joint mission to the International Space Station (ISS), reflecting high levels of mutual trust.

From a policy perspective, iCET is a strategic response to the changing global order. It aims to build resilient supply chains that are not dependent on single geographies, particularly in the context of 'de-risking' from China. For India, iCET provides a pathway to achieve 'Atmanirbharta' (self-reliance) in critical sectors by gaining access to cutting-edge American technology and integrating Indian startups into global value chains.