India’s 4th Tranche of Critical Mineral Auctions: A Strategic Step Towards Resource Security and Green Transition

The Ministry of Mines has officially launched the fourth tranche of auctions for 20 critical and strategic mineral blocks, marking a significant milestone in India's quest for mineral self-reliance. These blocks, spread across eight states including Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and Chhattisgarh, contain essential minerals such as graphite, phosphorite, and rare earth elements. This move follows the landmark amendment to the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act in 2023, which empowered the Central Government to auction 24 critical minerals. Critical minerals are indispensable for the transition to a green economy. Graphite is a key component in Lithium-ion battery anodes, while phosphorite is vital for both high-tech applications and the fertilizer industry. By securing a domestic supply of these minerals, India aims to insulate its high-tech industries—specifically semiconductors, electric vehicles (EVs), and telecommunications—from global supply chain shocks and price volatility. Currently, India is heavily dependent on imports for many of these minerals, often from a single source, which poses a strategic risk.