India’s Critical Mineral Mission: Strengthening Strategic Autonomy and Green Energy Transition

Domestically, the 'Critical Mineral Mission' has gained momentum through the identification of 30 minerals essential for the country’s economic development and national security. The government has recently initiated strategic auctions for lithium reserves found in Jammu & Kashmir and Chhattisgarh. Furthermore, the amendment to the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act has paved the way for private sector participation in the exploration of deep-seated minerals. Beyond extraction, the mission focuses on the entire value chain, including processing and recycling. By aligning with global frameworks like the Mineral Security Partnership (MSP) and engaging with G7 partners, India seeks to secure long-term off-take agreements and technology transfers. This multi-pronged approach is vital for the success of the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes in advanced chemistry cells and electronics manufacturing. UPSC Relevance: This topic is crucial for GS Paper I (Distribution of Natural Resources), GS Paper II (International Groupings like G7), and GS Paper III (Energy Security and Industrial Growth). Aspirants should be able to discuss the geopolitical implications of mineral monopolies and the role of critical minerals in India’s 'Atmanirbhar Bharat' and climate change commitments.