India’s Transition to a Naxal-Free Era: Evaluating the Vishwaas-Nirman-Jan Kalyan Strategy

2. Nirman (Infrastructure): Recognizing that isolation breeds extremism, the government prioritized physical connectivity. Projects like the Road Requirement Plan (RRP) and the installation of thousands of mobile towers in formerly "grey zones" integrated remote regions with the national economy, facilitating the entry of essential services. 3. Jan Kalyan (Welfare): This pillar addressed the socio-economic grievances that fueled the movement. The effective implementation of the Forest Rights Act, the establishment of Eklavya Model Residential Schools, and targeted financial inclusion ensured that the benefits of growth reached the marginalized sections of society. The declaration of a Naxal-free India is not merely a security achievement but a triumph of the democratic process over violent ideology. However, the review highlighted that the focus must now shift toward the "sustainability of peace." This involves preventing the vacuum from being filled by other radical elements and ensuring that the administrative machinery remains responsive to local needs to prevent any resurgence of alienation. UPSC Relevance: This development is a critical case study for the GS-III topic "Linkages between development and spread of extremism," demonstrating how holistic policy can resolve internal security threats. It also provides material for GS-I regarding post-independence consolidation and GS-II concerning the effectiveness of welfare schemes in conflict-prone zones.