LiDAR Mapping Unveils Ancient Hydraulic Engineering in Hampi

The findings underscore the advanced nature of the Vijayanagara Empire’s urban planning. The hydraulic system was not merely for aesthetic purposes but was a functional necessity to support a population estimated to be one of the largest in the medieval world. The survey identified how water was diverted from the Tungabhadra River and stored in various reservoirs to ensure year-round availability for both agricultural and domestic use. Furthermore, the mapping of residential areas provides new insights into the social stratification and spatial organization of the city. This discovery is significant for several reasons. First, it shifts the focus from the well-known monumental temple architecture of Hampi to the secular and utilitarian aspects of the city. Second, it demonstrates the efficacy of non-invasive archaeological methods in preserving the integrity of World Heritage sites. For policymakers and urban planners, the ancient water management systems of Hampi offer timeless lessons in sustainable resource management and climate resilience. UPSC Relevance: This development is highly relevant for GS Paper I (Indian Culture and History) as it provides specific evidence of the administrative and engineering capabilities of the Vijayanagara Empire. It can be used to enrich answers regarding medieval urbanism, water management, and the application of modern technology in heritage conservation.