Rising Wet-Bulb Temperatures: A Growing Threat to India’s Coastal Resilience

Beyond immediate heat stress, the report underscores the role of rapid sea surface warming in the Indian Ocean. This warming acts as a catalyst for more frequent and intense tropical cyclones, disrupting traditional seasonal patterns and increasing the vulnerability of coastal settlements. Furthermore, the thermal expansion of water and melting ice contribute to sea-level rise, threatening to submerge low-lying areas and salinize freshwater resources. This multi-hazard environment endangers the livelihoods of millions who depend on the blue economy. For governance and policy, these findings necessitate a shift from generic heat action plans to localized, humidity-aware strategies. Strengthening the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) norms, investing in nature-based solutions like mangrove restoration, and developing climate-resilient infrastructure are imperative to safeguard India’s coastal demographic and economic interests. UPSC Relevance: This topic is highly relevant for GS Paper I (Geophysical phenomena) and GS Paper III (Environment and Disaster Management). Aspirants can use this data to discuss the socio-economic impacts of climate change, the limitations of current heatwave definitions, and the necessity of integrated coastal zone management in India.